Prevalence of urologic sequelae and bladder and bowel dysfunctions in patients with congenital Zika syndrome: A multicenter evaluation of the Zika virus bladder and bowel sequelae assistance network.

INTRODUCTION: Neurogenic bladder was first confirmed as a urological sequela of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in 2018. Further clinical-epidemiological evidence also confirmed neurogenic bowel dysfunction and cryptorchidism. To strengthen the care for these children, the Congenital Zika Virus Bladder and Bowel Sequelae Network (RASZ in Brazilian) was created, including six integrated centers in Brazil. This article represents the initial outcome of the efforts by RASZ. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction, cryptorchidism and other urological sequelae related to CZS in cohorts attended in six Brazilian states. STUDY DESIGN: Observational, prospective, multicenter study including children with CZS assisted in one of six RASZ collaborative centers between June 2016 and February 2023. Data were collected from patient's first assessment using the same protocols for urological and bowel evaluation. Categorical variables were analyzed by frequency of occurrence and numerical variables by mean, median, and standard deviation. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of each center, all parents/caregivers provided written informed consent. RESULTS: The study included 414 children aged 2 months to 7 years (mean 2.77 years, SD 1.73), 227 (54.8 %) were male and 140 (33,8 %) referred urological and bowel symptoms on arrival. Prevalence of both urological and bowel sequelae was 66.7 %, 51 % of children aged 4 years and older had urinary incontinence (UI). UTI was confirmed in 23.4 % (two presented toxemia) and among males, 18.1 % had cryptorchidism. Renal ultrasonography, performed in 186 children, was abnormal in 25 (13.4 %), 7 had hydronephrosis. Among the 287 children who performed urodynamics, 283 (98.6 %) were altered: 232 had a lower bladder capacity, 144 a maximum bladder pressure of ≥40 cm H2O, and 127 did not satisfactorily empty their bladder. DISCUSSION: A higher prevalence of NLUTD, neurogenic bowel and cryptorchidism was confirmed in children with CZS. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including a multidisciplinary approach, may reduce the risk of UTIs, UI and kidney damage. A limitation of the study was the inability of children to complete the protocol, specifically urodynamic evaluation, and ultrasonography. In both exams, the percentage of abnormal cases was higher than that expected in the normal population. CONCLUSION: A 66,7 % prevalence of combined urological sequelae and bladder-bowel dysfunction related to CZS was confirmed in patients evaluated in six Brazilian cohorts. The most frequent changes were related to NLUTD, neurogenic bowel, and cryptorchidism. Prevalence may be underestimated due to access restrictions to diagnostic tests.

Knowledge of caregivers and factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children / Conocimiento de los cuidadores y factores relacionados al desarrollo neuropsicomotor en niños / Conhecimento dos cuidadores e fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the knowledge of caregivers and the factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children. Methods: a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted with 220 child-caregiver binomials attended in the public health services of the municipality of Parnaíba, State of Piauí. The study used the "Denver Test II" and the "Inventory of Child Development Knowledge". Results: the study classified 197 children with natural development and 23 with suspicious development. Caregivers with a higher level of knowledge about child development were associated with children with better development. The study considered caregiver knowledge, gestational age, and exclusive breastfeeding as protective factors for appropriate neuropsychomotor development when used the regression model. Conclusions: actions aimed at indicators that presented positive associations must be implemented to improve child development, such as educational activities to increase the level of knowledge of caregivers, improvement of prenatal monitoring, and encouragement of breastfeeding.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el conocimiento de los cuidadores y factores relacionados al desarrollo neuropsicomotor en niños. Métodos: estudio transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 220 binomios niño-cuidador atendidos en los servicios públicos de salud del municipio de Parnaíba, estado de Piauí. Fue utilizado el "Test de Denver II" e "Inventario del Conocimiento de Desarrollo Infantil". Resultados: 197 niños fueron clasificados con desarrollo normal; y 23, con desarrollo sospechoso. Cuidadores con mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre el desarrollo infantil fueron relacionados a niños con mejor desarrollo. Mediante el modelo de regresión, se encontró conocimiento de los cuidadores, edad gestacional y lactancia materna exclusiva como factores protectores para un desarrollo neuropsicomotor adecuado. Conclusiones: para la mejora del desarrollo infantil, acciones destinadas a los indicadores que presentaron relaciones positivas deben ser realizadas, como actividades de educación para aumento del nivel de conocimiento de los cuidadores, mejora del acompañamiento prenatal e incentivo a lactancia materna.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o conhecimento dos cuidadores e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças. Métodos: estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 220 binômios criança-cuidador atendidos nos serviços públicos de saúde do município de Parnaíba, estado do Piauí. Foi utilizado o "Teste de Denver II" e o "Inventário do Conhecimento de Desenvolvimento Infantil". Resultados: 197 crianças foram classificadas com desenvolvimento normal; e 23, com desenvolvimento suspeito. Cuidadores com maior nível de conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento infantil foram associados a crianças com melhor desenvolvimento. Mediante o modelo de regressão, encontrou-se conhecimento dos cuidadores, idade gestacional e aleitamento materno exclusivo como fatores protetores para um desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor adequado. Conclusões: para a melhora do desenvolvimento infantil, ações destinadas aos indicadores que apresentaram associações positivas devem ser realizadas, como atividades de educação para aumento do nível de conhecimento dos cuidadores, melhora do acompanhamento pré-natal e incentivo ao aleitamento materno.

Knowledge of caregivers and factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the knowledge of caregivers and the factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted with 220 child-caregiver binomials attended in the public health services of the municipality of Parnaíba, State of Piauí. The study used the "Denver Test II" and the "Inventory of Child Development Knowledge". RESULTS: the study classified 197 children with natural development and 23 with suspicious development. Caregivers with a higher level of knowledge about child development were associated with children with better development. The study considered caregiver knowledge, gestational age, and exclusive breastfeeding as protective factors for appropriate neuropsychomotor development when used the regression model. CONCLUSIONS: actions aimed at indicators that presented positive associations must be implemented to improve child development, such as educational activities to increase the level of knowledge of caregivers, improvement of prenatal monitoring, and encouragement of breastfeeding.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da mortalidade infantil / Epidemiological aspects of child mortality / Aspectos epidemiológicos de la mortalidad infantil

Objetivo: analisar a taxa de mortalidade infantil no Brasil, por regiões. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico, transversal. Compôs-se a amostra por todos os nascidos vivos e óbitos de crianças menores de um ano registrados no SINASC e SIM, respectivamente. Obtiveram-se os dados por meio da plataforma digital DATASUS. Resultados: registraram-se 128.332 óbitos infantis na região Nordeste durante esse período, tendo como seus principais fatores a idade materna menor de 14 anos, mães sem escolaridade, gestações com duração de 22 a 27 semanas, crianças nascidas de parto vaginal, sexo masculino, cor/raça indígena, peso ao nascer menor que 999 gramas e baixa atenção à mulher na gestação. Conclusão: concluiuse que grande parte dos óbitos infantis no Nordeste está ligada a causas maternas, evidenciando-se falha na assistência de saúde. Podem-se alterar esses números por meio de uma assistência prénatal adequada, planejamento familiar e qualificação da promoção de saúde.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the infant mortality rate in Brazil, by regions. Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, epidemiological, cross-sectional study. The sample was composed by all live births and deaths of children under one year of age registered in SINASC and YES, respectively. The data were obtained through the DATASUS digital platform. Results: there were 128,332 infant deaths in the Northeast region during this period, the main factors being maternal age under 14, mothers without schooling, pregnancies lasting from 22 to 27 weeks, children born vaginally, male, indigenous color/race, weight at birth less than 999 grams and low attention to women in pregnancy. Conclusion: It was concluded that a large part of the childhood deaths in the Northeast are linked to maternal causes, showing a failure in health care. These numbers can be changed through adequate prenatal care, family planning and health promotion qualification.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la tasa de mortalidad infantil en Brasil, por región. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico, transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por todos los nacidos vivos y defunciones de niños menores de un año registrados en SINASC y SIM, respectivamente. Los datos se obtuvieron utilizando la plataforma digital DATASUS. Resultados: se registraron 128,332 muertes infantiles en la región Noreste durante este período, siendo los principales factores la edad materna menor de 14 años, madres sin educación, embarazos de 22 a 27 semanas, niños nacidos por parto vaginal, varones, color / raza indígena, peso al nacer menor a 999 gramos y poca atención a la mujer durante el embarazo. Conclusión: se concluyó que gran parte de las muertes infantiles en el Noreste está relacionada a causas maternas, evidenciando una falla en la atención de salud. Estos números pueden modificarse mediante una atención prenatal adecuada, planificación familiar y calificación de la promoción de la salud.(AU)

Hospitalizações por diarreia em crianças menores de cinco anos / Hospitalizations due to diarrhea in children under five years old / Hospitalizaciones por diarrea en niños menores de cinco años

Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas das internações hospitalares por doenças diarreicas agudas em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, ecológico, de séries temporais, sobre internações hospitalares por doenças diarreicas agudas em crianças menores de cinco anos, entre 2010 e 2019. Coletaram-se os dados por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, analisando-os por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: observaram-se 21.805 internações hospitalares por doenças diarreicas em menores de cinco anos, entre os anos de 2010 a 2019. Prevaleceram-se as internações na faixa etária entre um e quatro anos (76,9%), no sexo masculino (52,3%) e na cor parda (52,5%). Nota-se que o mês de janeiro foi o que apresentou o maior número de casos (12%). Conclusão: conclui-se que o número de internações hospitalares diminuiu consideravelmente ao longo dos últimos dez anos, contudo, é necessária a adoção de cuidados redobrados, principalmente, no período chuvoso.(AU)

Objective: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hospital admissions due to acute diarrheal diseases in children under five years of age. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, ecological, time series study on hospital admissions for acute diarrheal diseases in children under five years of age, between 2010 and 2019. Data was collected through the Hospital Information System, analyzing them through the descriptive statistics. Results: There were 21,805 hospitalizations for diarrheal diseases in children under five years of age, from 2010 to 2019. There were hospitalizations between one and four years of age (76.9%), in males (52.3%) and in brown (52.5%). It should be noted that January was the month that presented the highest number of cases (12%). Conclusion: it is concluded that the number of hospital admissions has decreased considerably over the last ten years; however, it is necessary to adopt more care, especially in the rainy season.(AU)

Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas de los ingresos hospitalarios por enfermedades diarreicas agudas en niños menores de cinco años. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, ecológico, de series de tiempo sobre ingresos hospitalarios por enfermedades diarreicas agudas en menores de cinco años, entre 2010 y 2019. Los datos se recolectaron a través del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria, analizándolos mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se observaron 21,805 ingresos hospitalarios por enfermedades diarreicas en menores de cinco años, entre los años 2010 a 2019. Las hospitalizaciones entre uno y cuatro años (76,9%) fueron prevalentes en varones (52,3%) y marrón (52,5%). Se observa que el mes de enero fue el de mayor número de casos (12%). Conclusión: se concluye que el número de ingresos hospitalarios ha disminuido considerablemente en los últimos diez años, sin embargo, es necesario adoptar un cuidado especial, especialmente en la época de lluvias.(AU)